Showing posts with label dough. Show all posts
Showing posts with label dough. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 18, 2011

My 1st Sourdough Starter

It is going to be a long post as I want to record the whole process of making a sourdough starter – my 1st sourdough starter.

Feel free to jump directly to Day 9 where after having completed the process I am finally making the starter that will live in my fridge for the next 100 years (but still don’t know if it will work) or just go the next post where you can see how my 1st sourdough loaves looked like.

A few months ago I started to be interested in making my own sourdough starter. It began after reading Grégoire Michaud "the sourdough supremacy" in which he wrote: “all started with water and raisins”. I was intrigued.
Then I read other bloggers’ recipes of sourdough starter and compared 2 recipes both using pineapple juice. The first one, published by NY Times was adapted from “Artisan Breads Every Day”  by Peter Reinhart.
The second was from Pinch My Salt (another adaptation of Peter Reinhart’s).

Last week I finally decided to try to make a sourdough starter with pineapple juice and flour as per Pinch my Salt’s instructions (they seem to me easy to follow). Here is how I proceeded: 

Day 1:  
In a mixing bowl I put 1 cup of whole meal flour with ¾ cup of unsweetened pineapple juice (at room temperature) and stirred it until the flour had absorbed the juice.

whole meal flour mixed with pineapple juice


Then I transferred the dough into a glass jar, covered it with a paper towel and attached a ribbon (I could not find any rubber band!) around the jar to mark the level (so I could check the progress of the sourdough as it was rising).
As per the instructions I let it aside for 24 hours at room temperature (the kitchen temperature was ~26 Cº).

mixture in a glass jar (let to sit at room temperature)
Day 2: To my disappointment there was no visible sign of change. No growth at all! Therefore I did not take any picture. But I continued to follow the procedure as instructed for Day 2.
I transferred the dough into a mixing bowl, added ½ cup of juice + 1 cup of unbleached bread flour and stir well all ingredients together. Then I transferred the dough back into the glass jar, covered it and let it sit for another 24 hours.

Day 2: after adding more pineapple juice and flour

Day 3: The dough had risen by 2-3cms. Hurray! Its consistency was thick and rubbery and filled with air bubbles.  It had a slight pineapple smell.



dough has risen!

Sticky texture - lightly scented

As per the instructions I discarded ½ of the dough and fed the remaining with 1 cup of bread flour + ½ cup water (tap water at room temperature ~ 26 C°) and then let it sit at room temperature for another 24 hours.

mixing dough with water and flour

pink ribbon marking the level

Day 4: The instructions said: “The mixture should have doubled in size. Repeat Day 3 procedure. Otherwise let it sit for another 12 to 24 hours.”
The mixture not having grown much (a mere 1.5 cm) I let it sit for another 24hours. 
Day 5: Normally, we should start to feed it twice daily.
The starter had only risen by 2cms (it should have doubled in size!). However I decided to repeat day 3’s step.
Day 6: When I woke up I was disappointed (again). The dough had not changed. I waited until late afternoon to repeat day 3’s step.
Day 7: Although not much growth, I fed it twice daily, morning and evening. According to the recipe the starter is ready to use (bake with) only if it has been active (= always doubled in size between feedings).  I was starting to be impatient. I checked other recipes on Internet and found John D. Lee's. Surprisingly his starter does not need to be fed twice daily. 
Day 8: I fed it in the morning and late afternoon and as there was not much growth I decided to pretend that my starter was ready and proceeded with John D. Lee’s Day 4’s step.  I took 1 cup of the dough and mixed it with 3 ½ cups of bread flour + 2 cups water and covered it with a plastic film.
before final step (John D. Lee's day 4)
I let it sit at room temperature overnight and the following morning put it in the fridge. I left it until mid-afternoon (almost 24hours).

Day 9: Here is how my pre-starter looked like before reserving part of it to make the starter that I am supposed to be able to keep for 100 years!

pre-starter

1 used 1 cup to make my starter (a)
I reserved 1 cup of the pre-starter as it was. I will call it starter (b)  

Starter (a): I used 1 cup of the above dough and fed it with 2 cups of bread flour and 2 cups of water.  I stored the starter in the fridge (in a closed glass jar). [Note: I put more flour and water than what I should have as I thought the dough was too stiff].

starter (a)

starter (b)

Feeding: Take away ½ of the starter and mix the remaining ½ with equal amount of flour and water.  

Some bakers recommend a 3/2 ratio. Others feed the starter every 3 days, others once a week [some even have no problem with feeding it once every 8 weeks]. Some advise to feed it 2-3 days (each day) before using it, as well as after every time you use it.
Some bakers recommend stirring the starter 2-3 times a day.

After further reading I know that it is best to use tap water that has been set out for 24 hours (I did not wait that long). An inappropriate amount (ratio) of starter, flour and water is also important to get an active starter, as well as a cool (~ 20ºC) temperature (my kitchen was ~26-28ºC).

It takes time to take care of a sourdough starter although it is not complicated.  With time and practice I hope I will be able to know how to keep my starter alive (for the next 100 years! I am repeating myself…I know but it seems so funny to keep it for that long) and make delicious bread.

But before I am going to "show" you how my 1st sourdough bread looked like. Please read "My 1st sourdough bread w/pumpkin and chia seeds" . 

Thank you for taking time to read this long post.

Monday, May 23, 2011

Raviolis and Chinese Dumplings


When I was 15 years old I liked to make Italian type ravioli. Although it is time consuming they taste much better than the ready-made ones sold at the supermarket. Of course raviolis come in a variety of sizes and fillings. The famous ravioles de Romans (from Romans-sur-Isère, a town located at about 80km south of Lyons) are small squares filled with cheese. The Italian type might have fillings made with meat, seafood, spinach, mushrooms, or cheese.

The Italian ravioli dough is made of the same ingredients as for fresh pasta dough: flour, oil, eggs, and salt. During the time the dough stands (about 1 hour) you can prepare the filling (mixture of minced meat, onion, garlic, breadcrumbs, eggs, and spices), then you divide the dough into 2 and roll each part into 2 very thin rectangles.  Then you divide the filling into small equal parts and spoon it onto one of the rectangle making small mounts and leaving enough spaces between each other. Afterwards you draw the outline of the ravioli with a brush dipped into milk. Then, you cover the mounts with the 2nd roll-out pastry and seal the 2 parts together by pressing with your fingers on the milk lines. Finally using a pastry wheel (see picture) you cut the dough along the lines to separate each ravioli. The pastry wheel makes nice jagged edges.

Pastry wheel for Italian type raviolis

Chinese cooking offers many types of ravioli. I love those that are steamed and served in bamboo baskets at Chinese restaurants. My favourite steamed dumpling is the Chiu-chow style called Chìuh-Jâu fán-gwó. The skin is made of wheat starch and it is filled with ficus tikaua / deih-gwâ (of the gourd family), pork meat, dried peanuts, dried shrimps, and scallion.  

Besides the steamed dumplings such as hâ-gáau (shrimp dumpling) or the Shanghainese style síu-lùhng-bâau filled with juicy minced pork, boiled dumplings: séui-gáau (literally means water dumplings) filled with pork and baahk choi and served with a meat broth, or wonton / wàhn-tân which are usually filled with shrimps, double-boiled dumplings such as gún-tông-gáau, and even deep-fried water dumplings / jâ-wàhn-tân are commonly found at Hong Kong restaurants. 


Gûn-tông-gáau (at Celestial Court)

At Hong Kong style café or chàh-châan-têng both séui-gáau and wàhn-tân are served in a meat broth either with or without noodles / mihn. If the dumplings are accompanied with noodles they are called séui-gáau-mihn and wàhn-tân-mihn respectively.

Soon after my husband and I moved on our own to Chi Fu Fa Yuen (back in 1986) I bought a series of Chinese cooking books (Chopsticks Recipes by Cecilia J. Au-Yeung). I found some recipes of steamed dumplings and wanted to make it.
I was quickly discouraged by my husband’s kind advice: “the kitchen is too hot – there is not enough space – it’s too difficult to make dim-sum - nobody makes dim-sum at home.” In other words: “M`g sái gam màhfàahn” or “no need to get into such trouble” which I also interpreted as: “it’s better to eat dim-sum outside!”
However, I insisted and bought 2 medium-size bamboo baskets. I already had a large wok and other cooking utensils. One day, when I was on my own I got started with the recipe called Steamed Raviolis (in English) and sîn-hâ fán-gwó (in Chinese).

The consistency of the wheat starch mixed with water was so different than the wheat flour dough’s. What seemed like an easy pastry to make turned out to be a rather challenging experience. Was it because I put too much water in? Was the water temperature too hot? Anyway, I tried a few times and finally got discouraged. I was not proud when mentioning my experience to my husband. He was right!  I never tried to make again dumpling pastry.  And as of today I have yet to meet someone who is making dim-sum at home!  No wonder that it takes about 8-10 years to become a good dim sum chef, as reported by Susan Chung - SCMP of 19 May 2011. She also mentioned that “trainees needed to learn to make about seven types of dough, from fermented dough for steamed barbecue pork bun / châ-sîu-bâau to egg wrappers for water dumplings / séui-gáau.”   Each kind of dough has its own specificity. For instance, “shrimp dumplings must have a skin that is chewy and a shape uniform with a minimum of 9-10 pleats”.

Today, instead of making steamed dumplings I make water dumplings / séui-gáau with ready-made wrappers, which is much easier to prepare and that my husband love!  Let me share my recipe with you. This is an adapted version of a recipe given by Susan Chung in the Post Magazine of SCMP a few years ago.

Water dumplings / séui-gáau
Ingredients:
Filling: for 4 persons / ~ 56 dumplings (14 pieces per person)
-         300 g minced pork
-         500 baahk-choi             
Marinade:
-         1 tbsp water
-         1 tsp cornstarch
-         1 tsp salt (coarse)
Seasoning:
-         1 tbsp light soy sauce
-         1 tsp sugar
-         1 tsp sesame oil
-         2 cloves of garlic, thinly chopped
-         Salt and black pepper

Steps:
1st part:
  1. Mix minced pork with marinade well and chill for 1 hour.
  2. Wash vegetables, drain, and pat dry with paper towel. Chop greens as thinly as possible.
  3. Put greens and minced pork in a mixing bowl; add seasoning together with garlic and blend well. Chill in fridge for 1 hour.
  4. Place 1 teaspoon of the filling into the centre of each round-shape wrapping.
  5. Moist the seams of the dough with water and fold so as to form a half-moon shape, and press the seams to seal.





2nd part:
  1. In a large pan bring 4 liters of water to a boil.
  2. Drop ½ of the dumplings (28 pieces) into the boiling water. Stir gently so they don't stick together.
  3. Cover. Bring the water to a boil.  Leave the lid on and cook for 5 minutes (after the water comes to a boil again). 
  4. Remove the lid. The dumplings should be floating and the dough translucent. Scoop the dumplings and some of the cooking water into a large bowl.




3rd part:
  1. Repeat with the remainder of the dumplings.
  2. Serve with dipping sauces such as light soy and the famous Guilin chili sauce / gwei-làhm laaht jìu jeung.


Notes:
I usually serve the dumplings in the cooking water or in a homemade broth (or a remainder of pot-au-feu soup).
We bought ~ 560 g (a bit less than 1 catty) which had 66 dumpling wrappers – round-shape (thick). Cost: $9 (March 4, 2011).